Hola!!!
I am back with a new post. Sorry
for the delay, I had my university exam going on. Today we will see or learn
some aspects of electronics. Basically all the hardware you see are made up of
electronic components and many of the devices use concepts of electronics.
So when we are dealing with
electronics, we are dealing with circuits and signals. Components are connected
to each other and form a circuit which we desire. Circuit concepts include
Nodal and Mesh analysis, Superposition Theorem, and many more concepts. If we
take signal then we are messing with the process of communication i.e.
Transmission and Receiving process.
So what is a SIGNAL?
We can define it as a physical
quantity, which contain some information and which is a function of one or more
independent variables.
Signals can be divided in two
types:
[1] Analog Signals [2] Digital Signals
Analog Signals:
·
An analog signal is defined as the signal having
continues value. In other words it has some definite value at very interval of
time.
·
Most natural quantities are analog in nature.
Some examples of analog signal are:
1.
Temperature 2. Pressure 3.Distance 4.
Sound 5. Current 6.
Power
All the analog signals are continues signal.
Continues signal can be defined as the signal which have continuous amplitude
and time is known as continues time signal or you can also called it analog
signal.
Digital Signals:
·
A digital signal is defined as the signal which
has only a finite numbers of distinct values i.e. it does not possess value at
every instant of time but possess distinct value at some distinct value of
time.
·
Digital signals are not continues. By looking at
the definition you can say that it’s not continues signal.
Digital signals are also known as discrete
signal.
Types:
Types of analog signals are
energy signal, power signal, periodic and non-periodic signal, etc.
There
are only three types of Digital Signals, they are Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal
Signal.
·
Binary
Signals: If a digital signal has only two distinct values then it is called
binary signal, i.e. 1 and 0 as its value.
·
Octal
Signals: A digital signal having eight distinct values is called as an
octal signal.
·
Hexadecimal
Signals: A digital signal having sixteen distinct values is called as the
hexadecimal number.
I am not going future in binary,
octal thing now because I am going to explain it afterwards in number systems.
Okay now coming back, according to the signal used we have different circuits.
Normally two types: 1. Analog Circuits 2. Digital or Logic Circuits.
Circuits which operates on
analog signal are called analog circuits. Circuits like amplifier, rectifier,
regulator, etc. are example of analog circuits. And the circuits which operates
on digital signals are called digital circuits. Logic gates, flip-flops. Shift
registers, microprocessor, etc. are some example of digital circuits.
Number Systems:
You may be knowing that
computer don’t understand any language, it only take 1 and 0 as input and give
1 and 0 as output. So we can say that 1 and 0 represent a quantity. A number
system can be defined as a set of values used to represent a quantity. Studying
number systems is not limited to computers, it also give u an idea of how
computer manipulates date and store data. So first going into number system you
have to know about a term known as radix or base.
Radix/Base: It
simple words total no. of distinct value a number system can have. For example
take decimal system, the base or radix of decimal system is 10.
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 are the distinct value of a decimal system after 9
numbers are repeated. Just count the total distinct value of the decimal
system, yes its 10. You might have also noticed that the largest value of digit
is one less that base. And one more thing, the position or place of every digit
represent a multiple of base. Let me explain it to you with the help of an
example.
For
example take 540.
1. Binary number system
2. Octal number system
3. Hexadecimal number system
The Binary Number System:
·
The base of Binary Number System is 2.
·
0 and 1 are the digit in Binary Number System.
·
They are normally used in computer.
The weighted value for different position for a
binary system is as shown below;
·
The binary digits are also known as bits.
·
The left most bit with the highest weight is
called as MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT (MSB) and the rightmost lowest weight is called
LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT (LSB).
Octal Number
System:
·
The Base of octal number system is 8.
·
0,1,2,3,4,5,6 & 7 are the digits in octal
number system.
The weighted value for different position for
octal system is shown below;
Hexadecimal Number
System:
·
The base of hexadecimal system is 16.
·
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E & F are the
digits in hexadecimal number system.
·
Put 16 in place of 8 in the above figure and you
will get weighted value for different position for hexadecimal system.
·
While dealing with large value, binary numbers
quickly become too unwieldy, so hexadecimal numbers are used. It offers two
features:
1.
Hex numbers are very compact.
2.
It is easy to convert from hex to binary and
binary to hex.
So that’s it for today, next
time I will show you conversions of hex, octal and binary. If you have any query then comment or mail me at jishnubitw@gmail.com, if you like what we do to spread knowledge by this blog then follow us. You can also like and follow our facebook page, link is given below. Just do it guys because your likes and follows are the only way to encourage us.
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