Signal and Number System


Hola!!!
I am back with a new post. Sorry for the delay, I had my university exam going on. Today we will see or learn some aspects of electronics. Basically all the hardware you see are made up of electronic components and many of the devices use concepts of electronics.
So when we are dealing with electronics, we are dealing with circuits and signals. Components are connected to each other and form a circuit which we desire. Circuit concepts include Nodal and Mesh analysis, Superposition Theorem, and many more concepts. If we take signal then we are messing with the process of communication i.e. Transmission and Receiving process.
So what is a SIGNAL?
We can define it as a physical quantity, which contain some information and which is a function of one or more independent variables.
Signals can be divided in two types:
[1] Analog Signals             [2] Digital Signals
Analog Signals:
·         An analog signal is defined as the signal having continues value. In other words it has some definite value at very interval of time.
·         Most natural quantities are analog in nature. Some examples of analog signal are:                            
    1. Temperature     2. Pressure         3.Distance                                                                           4. Sound              5. Current           6. Power
All the analog signals are continues signal. Continues signal can be defined as the signal which have continuous amplitude and time is known as continues time signal or you can also called it analog signal.

Digital Signals:
·         A digital signal is defined as the signal which has only a finite numbers of distinct values i.e. it does not possess value at every instant of time but possess distinct value at some distinct value of time.
·         Digital signals are not continues. By looking at the definition you can say that it’s not continues signal.
Digital signals are also known as discrete signal.



Types:
                Types of analog signals are energy signal, power signal, periodic and non-periodic signal, etc.
                There are only three types of Digital Signals, they are Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Signal.
·         Binary Signals: If a digital signal has only two distinct values then it is called binary signal, i.e. 1 and 0 as its value.
·         Octal Signals: A digital signal having eight distinct values is called as an octal signal.
·         Hexadecimal Signals: A digital signal having sixteen distinct values is called as the hexadecimal number.

I am not going future in binary, octal thing now because I am going to explain it afterwards in number systems. Okay now coming back, according to the signal used we have different circuits.
Normally two types: 1. Analog Circuits 2. Digital or Logic Circuits.
Circuits which operates on analog signal are called analog circuits. Circuits like amplifier, rectifier, regulator, etc. are example of analog circuits. And the circuits which operates on digital signals are called digital circuits. Logic gates, flip-flops. Shift registers, microprocessor, etc. are some example of digital circuits.
Number Systems:
                You may be knowing that computer don’t understand any language, it only take 1 and 0 as input and give 1 and 0 as output. So we can say that 1 and 0 represent a quantity. A number system can be defined as a set of values used to represent a quantity. Studying number systems is not limited to computers, it also give u an idea of how computer manipulates date and store data. So first going into number system you have to know about a term known as radix or base.
Radix/Base: It simple words total no. of distinct value a number system can have. For example take decimal system, the base or radix of decimal system is 10. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 are the distinct value of a decimal system after 9 numbers are repeated. Just count the total distinct value of the decimal system, yes its 10. You might have also noticed that the largest value of digit is one less that base. And one more thing, the position or place of every digit represent a multiple of base. Let me explain it to you with the help of an example.
        For example take 540.

 If we add all of them then we will get 540. So moving on to the number system, beside decimal number system there are three more number system. They are as follows:

   1.       Binary number system
   2.       Octal number system
   3.       Hexadecimal number system

The Binary Number System:                                 
                               
·         The base of Binary Number System is 2.
·         0 and 1 are the digit in Binary Number System.
·         They are normally used in computer.
The weighted value for different position for a binary system is as shown below;



·         The binary digits are also known as bits.
·         The left most bit with the highest weight is called as MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT (MSB) and the rightmost lowest weight is called LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT (LSB).
Octal Number System:
·         The Base of octal number system is 8.
·         0,1,2,3,4,5,6 & 7 are the digits in octal number system.
The weighted value for different position for octal system is shown below;



Hexadecimal Number System:
·         The base of hexadecimal system is 16.
·         0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E & F are the digits in hexadecimal number system.
·         Put 16 in place of 8 in the above figure and you will get weighted value for different position for hexadecimal system.
·         While dealing with large value, binary numbers quickly become too unwieldy, so hexadecimal numbers are used. It offers two features:
1.       Hex numbers are very compact.
2.       It is easy to convert from hex to binary and binary to hex.

 
So that’s it for today, next time I will show you conversions of hex, octal and binary. If you have any query then comment or mail me at jishnubitw@gmail.com, if you like what we do to spread knowledge by this blog then follow us. You can also like and follow our facebook page, link is given below. Just do it guys because your likes and follows are the only way to encourage us.
Ciao Ciao!!

Click Below to open our facebook page

Comments