As the name itself suggest, Mangalyaan aka Mars orbiter mission (MOM), a space probe, developed to orbit Mars in order to collect photographic information about Mar's surface, morphology, mineralogy and Martian atmosphere. But the primary objective of the MOM are to develop the technologies for planning, managing, designing and operations of an interplanetary missions.
Earlier in 2008, India launched their first ever spacecraft, Chandrayaan-1, to orbit moon and with its success, on 23 November 2008, then Indian space research organisation (ISRO) chairman G. Madhavan Nair announced publicly of the unmanned mission to Mars.
Before ISRO's mission to Mars, Soviet space program, European space agency(ESA) and National aeronautics and space administration (NASA) successfully reached Mars. ISRO became the first to do so in the very first attempt and with this success India became the first Asian nation to reach Mars.
Starting from the beginning, the feasibility study regarding the Mars's mission started in 2010 by Indian institute of space science and technology. The government of India approved the project on 3rd august 2012. Interestingly, the total cost incurred was just US$ 74 million (450 crore Rupees) which is approximately only 10% of NASA's MAVEN . Rs125 crore spent on studying orbiter and around Rs 153 crore on satellite.
Earlier in 2008, India launched their first ever spacecraft, Chandrayaan-1, to orbit moon and with its success, on 23 November 2008, then Indian space research organisation (ISRO) chairman G. Madhavan Nair announced publicly of the unmanned mission to Mars.
Before ISRO's mission to Mars, Soviet space program, European space agency(ESA) and National aeronautics and space administration (NASA) successfully reached Mars. ISRO became the first to do so in the very first attempt and with this success India became the first Asian nation to reach Mars.
Starting from the beginning, the feasibility study regarding the Mars's mission started in 2010 by Indian institute of space science and technology. The government of India approved the project on 3rd august 2012. Interestingly, the total cost incurred was just US$ 74 million (450 crore Rupees) which is approximately only 10% of NASA's MAVEN . Rs125 crore spent on studying orbiter and around Rs 153 crore on satellite.
The Mangalyaan was supposed to launch on 28 October 2013 via GSLV but due to continuous sorting in cryogenic engine compelled ISRO to transfer to PSLV as the carrier rocket to launch Mangalyaan. Although PSLV is a little less powerful than GSLV and to sort out that issue, the Mangalyaan planned to launch into highly elliptical orbit and uses its own thruster over multiple perigee burn to take advantage of the Oberth effect.
On November 5 2013 at 9:50 UTC, ISRO launched its first ever interplanetary mission from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh with a planned perigee of 264.1 km and an apogee of 23,903.6 km with an inclination of 19.20 degree.
To insert MOM into Mars orbit, it was necessary to raise the trajectory constantly. For that purpose, it was necessary to take advantage of the gravity slingshot. MOM was planned to go 5 orbit raising maneuver (ORM) before beginning its insertion into trans-Mars trajectory but in 4th ORM due to under burn of motor, one more unplanned manoeuver conducted. The first orbit raising maneuver took place on 6 November by firing the 440 newton liquid engine for 416 seconds resulting in an apogee of 28,825 km. The fourth ORM went out of the planned one due to motor under-burn. The initial proposition was of raising the apogee to 1,00,000 km but because of the fault it achieves to an apogee of only 78,276 km. To correct that trajectory, ISRO made one more unplanned ORM on 12 Nov 2013 which increases the apogee to 118,642 km. The sixth and final ORM conducted on 15 Nov 2016 which increases the apogee to 192,874 km.
On 30th November a 23 minute firing pushed MOM away from the Earth orbit and on trajectory towards Mars. A total of four trajectory correcting manoeuvers were performed before actual insertion into Mars's orbit.
On 24th September 2014, ISRO made the history by successfully inserting Mangalyaan in Mars's orbit. The actual mission plan was of 6 months but later it is reported that it had been extended for another six months. By the latest news by ISRO, Mangalyaan still has 37 kg of propellant left with all the five major scientific instrument working properly that will allow the Mangalyaan to orbit Mars with many more years to come.
With Mangalyaan successful transition to Mars, India gains international recognition. The US based National space society (NSS) honoured MOM team with space pioneer award in 2015 in the science and engineering category. NSS in his speech says,"ISRO, India successfully executed a Mars mission in his very first attempt. The spacecraft is in elliptical orbit with a high apoapsis where from its high resolution camera, it is taking full disk imagery of Mars".
ISRO is now planning to send a follow-up spacecraft with more payload of scientific instruments to get to know Mars better. We, the new age informers group, wish them luck for all their future endeavors.
On 30th November a 23 minute firing pushed MOM away from the Earth orbit and on trajectory towards Mars. A total of four trajectory correcting manoeuvers were performed before actual insertion into Mars's orbit.
On 24th September 2014, ISRO made the history by successfully inserting Mangalyaan in Mars's orbit. The actual mission plan was of 6 months but later it is reported that it had been extended for another six months. By the latest news by ISRO, Mangalyaan still has 37 kg of propellant left with all the five major scientific instrument working properly that will allow the Mangalyaan to orbit Mars with many more years to come.
With Mangalyaan successful transition to Mars, India gains international recognition. The US based National space society (NSS) honoured MOM team with space pioneer award in 2015 in the science and engineering category. NSS in his speech says,"ISRO, India successfully executed a Mars mission in his very first attempt. The spacecraft is in elliptical orbit with a high apoapsis where from its high resolution camera, it is taking full disk imagery of Mars".
ISRO is now planning to send a follow-up spacecraft with more payload of scientific instruments to get to know Mars better. We, the new age informers group, wish them luck for all their future endeavors.
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| The image of Mars taken by Mangalyaan on 28th September 2014 |
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