This post is for the students and for computer engineering community who are interested in computational intelligence .
The modern computer has changed so rapidly that it has reached a stage where the processors size are being affected by strange rules of "Quantum mechanics" The reason that these concepts are becoming of interest to computer engineering community is mainly due to the Moore’s law that is: the number of transistors in a chip doubles every 18 months and the size of gates is constantly shrinking.Consequently problems such as heat dissipation and information loss are becoming very important threat for current and future technologies. Improving the scale of transistors ultimately leads to a technology working on the level of elementary particles,so this led to an era of
"QUANTUM COMPUTING" This post is devoted to answer the questions :
1) What is Quantum computing?
2)Why Quantum computers are more powerful than classical computer
when used to solve problems in computational intelligence?
WHAT IS QUANTUM COMPUTING?
We know that a digital computer process all the information in the form of "0" or "1", which is knows as bits .Now this bits can exist in one of the distinct states ie either "0" or "1", but a Quantum computer is based on the laws of quantum parallelism ,that means the bits "0 " and "1" can be present in both the
state at same time. This phenomenon is knows as the superposition of bits .In quantum computing the fundamental building block is "QUBIT" or Quantum bits.This seems a quite hard to accept that how this super position occurs and where it occurs ,Actually unlike in classical computers it does not have
transistor on its chip but the information is processed and stored in atoms and ions .This elementary particles have very unique phenomenon which is called superposition in this state the electron behaves as both wave and particle at same time .If you try to measure it then it will manifest itself in one of its possible state .So this is the main principle of qubit and it gives power to quantum computer to calculate the most complicated calculations within the fraction of seconds.
Moving to our next question on how it is more powerful than classical computing.For that one has to understand how the transistors in classical computer works,a transistor is an type of switch it can be turned ON which corresponds to binary "1" ,and turned OFF which corresponds to binary "0".So this way information is processed in the combination of "0"and "1". Now in quantum computer elementary particles are used instead of transistor ,so this particles for example an electron have magnetic fields which is referred to as "SPIN" ,when electron are placed under the influence of magnetic field they get align with that field just like a compass needle which gets align under the influence of earths magnetic field, SO when the electron spin is up (at its highest energy level) it corresponds to binary "1" ,and when electron spin is down (at lowest energy level) it corresponds to binary "0", but quantum mechanics also allows us this electron to be in superposition state .All this combination of "0's and "1's in super position state is called qubits .
Thus, the number of computations that a quantum computer could undertake is 2^n, where n is the number of qubits used. A quantum computer comprised of 500 qubits would have a potential to do 2^500 calculations in a single step. This is an awesome number - 2^500 is infinitely more atoms than there are in the known universe . The latest number of quantum processor is 2000 qubit made by a canadian company D-wave.Such an powerful processor can be used almost in any field such as :
- Optimization
- Machine learning
- Sampling / Monte Carlo
- Pattern recognition and anomaly detection
- Cyber security
- Image analysis
- Financial analysis
- Software / hardware verification and validation
- Bioinformatics / cancer research
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ReplyDeleteThanx brother
DeleteReally nice Mr. Rishit Joshi..... keep it up writing
ReplyDeleteA really good post keep going like this :)
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