What is IP Address ?

* What is IP Address ?

- IP is the network protocol used on the Internet and local area networks. It is devided into two version's.

1) IPv4
2) IPv6

(Today we are going to understand what IPv4 Addressing is)

* IPv4 Addressing :-

- To configure network connectivity, you must be familiar with IPv4 addresses and how they work.    Network communication for a computer is directed to the IPv4 address of that computer. Therefore,  each networked computer must be assigned a unique IPv4 address.

 - Each IPv4 address is 32 bits long. To make IP addresses more readable, they are displayed in dotted  decimal notation. Dotted decimal notation divides a 32-bit IPv4 address into four groups of  8 bits,  which are converted to a decimal number between zero and 255. A decimal point separates the  decimal numbers.

- Each decimal number is called an octet. As an example, this IP address contains of four octets: 172.16.0.10.


* Classes :-

IP is  Devided into 5 Classes.

A - Contains 1 Octet out of 4 (ex. 255.0.0.0)
B - Contains 2 Octet out of 4 (ex. 255.255.0.0)
C - Contains 3 Octet out of 4 (ex. 255.255.255.0)
D - Used for MultiCasting
E - Used for BroadCasting


* Public IP :-  

Public IP addresses must be unique. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) assigns public IP addresses to regional Internet registries, which then assign IP addresses to Internet service providers (ISPs). Usually your ISP allocates you one or more public addresses from its address pool.

* Private IP :- 

Computers and devices that need to connect to the Internet must be configured with public IP addresses. However, the number of public IP addresses is becoming limited. Since organizations cannot obtain public IP address for every corporate computer, they use private IP addressing instead. 


* SubnetMask :-

- Subnet Mask Each IPv4 address is composed of a network identification (ID) and a host ID. The network ID identifies the network on which the computer is located. The host ID uniquely identifies the computer on that specific network. A subnet mask identifies which part of an IPv4 address is the network ID and which part is the host ID.

- In the simplest scenarios, each octet in a subnet mask is either 255 or 0. A 255 represents an octet that is part of the network ID, while a 0 represents an octet that is part of the host ID.

- For example, a computer with an IP address of 172.16.0.10 and a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 has a network ID of 172.16.0.0 and a host ID of 0.0.0.10.



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